Faster function for determining the cells of the 4, 8 or bishop neighbours of the cells. This is a hybrid function that uses matrix for small numbers of loci (<1e4) and data.table for larger numbers of loci

adj(
x = NULL,
cells,
directions = 8,
sort = FALSE,
pairs = TRUE,
include = FALSE,
target = NULL,
numCol = NULL,
numCell = NULL,
cutoff.for.data.table = 2000,
torus = FALSE,
id = NULL,
numNeighs = NULL,
returnDT = FALSE
)

## Arguments

x Raster* object for which adjacency will be calculated. vector of cell numbers for which adjacent cells should be found. Cell numbers start with 1 in the upper-left corner and increase from left to right and from top to bottom. the number of directions in which cells should be connected: 4 (rook's case), 8 (queen's case), or "bishop" to connect cells with one-cell diagonal moves. Or a neighbourhood matrix (see Details). logical. Whether the outputs should be sorted or not, using cell ids of the from cells (and to cells, if match.adjacent is TRUE). logical. If TRUE, a matrix of pairs of adjacent cells is returned. If FALSE, a vector of cells adjacent to cells is returned logical. Should the focal cells be included in the result? a vector of cells that can be spread to. This is the inverse of a mask. numeric indicating number of columns in the raster. Using this with numCell is a bit faster execution time. numeric indicating number of cells in the raster. Using this with numCol is a bit faster execution time. logical. Should the returned object be the same as raster::adjacent. Default FALSE, which is faster. numeric. If the number of cells is above this value, the function uses data.table which is faster with large numbers of cells. Default is 5000, which appears to be the turning point where data.table becomes faster. Logical. Should the spread event wrap around to the other side of the raster? Default is FALSE. numeric If not NULL (default), then function will return "id" column. A numeric scalar, indicating how many neighbours to return. Must be less than or equal to directions; which neighbours are random with equal probabilities. A logical. If TRUE, then the function will return the result as a data.table, if the internals used data.table, i.e., if number of cells is greater than cutoff.for.data.table. User should be warned that this will therefore cause the output format to change depending cutoff.for.data.table. This will be faster for situations where cutoff.for.data.table = TRUE.

## Value

Either a matrix (if more than 1 column, i.e., pairs = TRUE, and/or id is provided), a vector (if only one column), or a data.table (if cutoff.for.data.table is less than length(cells) and returnDT is TRUE. To get a consistent output, say a matrix, it would be wise to test the output for its class. The variable output is done to minimize coercion to maintain speed. The columns will be one or more of id, from, to.

## Details

Between 4x (large number loci) to 200x (small number loci) speed gains over adjacent in raster package. There is some extra speed gain if NumCol and NumCells are passed rather than a raster. Efficiency gains come from: 1. use data.table internally - no need to remove NAs because wrapped or outside points are just removed directly with data.table - use data.table to sort and fast select (though not fastest possible) 2. don't make intermediate objects; just put calculation into return statement

The steps used in the algorithm are: 1. Calculate indices of neighbouring cells 2. Remove "to" cells that are - <1 or >numCells (i.e., they are above or below raster), using a single modulo calculation - where the modulo of "to" cells is equal to 1 if "from" cells are 0 (wrapped right to left) - or where the modulo of the "to" cells is equal to 0 if "from" cells are 1 (wrapped left to right)

adjacent

Eliot McIntire

## Examples

library(raster)
#> Loading required package: spa <- raster(extent(0, 1000, 0, 1000), res = 1)
sam <- sample(1:length(a), 1e4)
numCol <- ncol(a)
numCell <- ncell(a)
adj.new <- adj(numCol = numCol, numCell = numCell, cells = sam, directions = 8)
adj.new <- adj(numCol = numCol, numCell = numCell, cells = sam, directions = 8,
include = TRUE)